Hearing loss refers to a partial or total inability to hear sounds. It can occur in one or both ears and can range from mild to profound. There are different types of hearing loss:
- Conductive Hearing Loss: This type of hearing loss occurs when there is an issue with the outer or middle ear, such as earwax buildup, fluid in the middle ear, or damage to the eardrum or ossicles (tiny bones in the middle ear). Conductive hearing loss often causes a reduction in sound volume or the ability to hear faint sounds.
- Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Sensorineural hearing loss results from damage to the inner ear (cochlea) or the auditory nerve pathways. This type of hearing loss is usually permanent and can affect the ability to hear both faint and loud sounds. Aging, exposure to loud noise, certain medications, and genetic factors can contribute to sensorineural hearing loss.
- Mixed Hearing Loss: Mixed hearing loss is a combination of conductive and sensorineural hearing loss. It involves problems in both the inner/middle ear and the auditory nerve pathways.
- Central Hearing Loss: This type of hearing loss occurs when there is damage or dysfunction in the central auditory nervous system, such as the brainstem or auditory cortex. Central hearing loss can affect the processing and interpretation of sounds, even if the ears themselves are functioning normally.
Hearing loss can have various causes, including genetics, ageing, exposure to loud noise, infections, diseases, ototoxic medications, head trauma, and certain medical conditions like diabetes or high blood pressure. Treatment options for hearing loss depend on its type, severity, and underlying cause. They may include hearing aids, cochlear implants, assistive listening devices, medications (for certain types of hearing loss), or surgical interventions. It’s important for individuals experiencing hearing loss to consult with an audiologist or an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist for proper diagnosis and management
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